NEET Biotechnology and its Applications PYQs & Practice Questions

10 free NEET Biology questions on Biotechnology and its Applications, starting with previous year questions (2016–2026). Tap “Show answer” to check each one. No login needed.

Topics: Role of C-peptide in Insulin Maturation · Full Form of GEAC · Therapeutic Use of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin · Definition of a Protoxin · Full Form of ADA · Bt Toxin - Mechanism of Activation · Biotechnology Applications - Bt Crops and Gene Therapy · Therapeutic Enzymes from Microbes · Bt Crops · Genetically Modified Organisms · Recombinant DNA Technology in Medicine · RNA Interference

1. Q1NEET 2026Mechanism of Bt Toxin Activation

   The inactive form of Bt toxin is converted to the active form in the insect gut_______

   • A. due to acidic pH
   • B. by proteases
   • C. by nucleases
   • D. due to alkaline pH
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   Answer: C — by nucleases

   Bt toxin is produced by Bacillus thuringiensis as an inactive protoxin. In the insect gut, the alkaline pH environment solubilizes and helps convert the inactive protoxin into its active, toxic form, which then binds to the gut epithelium and causes cell lysis.

2. Q2NEET 2026Sequence of steps in somatic hybridisation

   Arrange the following steps of somatic hybridisation in a correct sequence: A. Digestion of cell walls. B. Isolation of naked protoplasts. C. Fusion of protoplasts to get hybrid protoplast. D. Isolation of single cells from two different varieties of plants. E. Growing hybrid protoplast to form a new plant.

   • A. D, B, A, E, C
   • B. E, A, B, C, D
   • C. E, B, A, D, C
   • D. D, A, B, C, E
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   Answer: C — E, B, A, D, C

   Sequence: isolate single cells (D) → digest cell walls (A) → isolate naked protoplasts (B) → fuse protoplasts (C) → grow into new plant (E): D, A, B, C, E.

3. Q3NEET 2026Reason for large holes in Swiss cheese

   What is the reason behind production of large holes in 'Swiss Cheese'?

   • A. The production of large amount of CO2 and H2 by Trichoderma polysporum
   • B. The production of large amount of CO2 and H2 by lactic acid bacteria called Lactobacillus
   • C. The production of large amount of CO2 by Propionibacterium sharmanii
   • D. The production of large amount of CO2 by Clostridium butylicum
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   Answer: B — The production of large amount of CO2 and H2 by lactic acid bacteria called Lactobacillus

   Swiss cheese's characteristic large holes are produced by CO2 released by the bacterium Propionibacterium sharmanii (shermanii) during fermentation.

4. Q4NEET 2026Bt toxin genes controlling cotton bollworm and corn borer

   The toxin proteins isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis, coded by which of the following genes would control cotton bollworm and corn borer, respectively?

   • A. cryIAc and cryIIAb
   • B. cryIAc and cryIIIAb
   • C. cryIAc and cryIAb
   • D. cryIIAb and cryIAc
   Show answer

   Answer: B — cryIAc and cryIIIAb

   cryIAc controls cotton bollworm and cryIAb controls corn borer.

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5. Q5NEET 2025Therapeutic Enzymes from Microbes

   Streptokinase produced by bacterium Streptococcus is used for

   • A. Curd production
   • B. Ethanol production
   • C. Liver disease treatment
   • D. Removing clots from blood vessels
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   Answer: C — Liver disease treatment

   Streptokinase, produced by the bacterium Streptococcus and modified by genetic engineering, is used as a 'clot buster' for removing clots from the blood vessels of patients who have undergone myocardial infarction leading to heart attack.

6. Q6NEET 2025Production of Human Insulin

   Which of the following genetically engineered organisms was used by Eli Lilly to prepare human insulin?

   • A. Bacterium
   • B. Yeast
   • C. Virus
   • D. Phage
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   Answer: —

   Eli Lilly (an American company) produced the two DNA chains of human insulin (A and B chains) and introduced them into plasmids of E. coli bacterium to produce human insulin.

7. Q7NEET 2025RNA Interference (RNAi) Mechanism

   Silencing of specific mRNA is possible via RNAi because of -

   • A. Complementary dsRNA
   • B. Inhibitory ssRNA
   • C. Complementary tRNA
   • D. Non-complementary ssRNA
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   Answer: —

   RNA interference (RNAi) involves complementary RNA molecules that bind to and neutralize/silence the specific mRNA, forming double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that is then degraded by the cell. Class 12th NCERT Page - 180.

8. Q8NEET 2024Bt Toxin - Mechanism of Activation

   Given below are two statements: Statement I: Bt toxins are insect group specific and coded by a gene cry IAc. Statement II: Bt toxin exists as inactive protoxin in B. thuringiensis. However, after ingestion by the insect the inactive protoxin gets converted into active form due to acidic pH of the insect gut. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

   • A. Statement I is true but Statement II is false
   • B. Statement I is false but Statement II is true
   • C. Both Statement I and Statement II are true
   • D. Both Statement I and Statement II are false
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   Answer: —

   Statement I is true - Bt toxins are indeed insect group specific and coded by cry genes like cry IAc. Statement II is false - the Bt protoxin gets converted to its active form due to the ALKALINE pH of the insect gut, not acidic pH. 12th NCERT Page No. 179-180.

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9. Q9NEET 2024Biotechnology Applications - Bt Crops and Gene Therapy

   Match List I with List II. List I: (A) α-1 antitrypsin (B) Cry IAb (C) Cry IAc (D) Enzyme replacement therapy List II: (I) Cotton bollworm (II) ADA deficiency (III) Emphysema (IV) Corn borer Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

   • A. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
   • B. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
   • C. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
   • D. A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
   Show answer

   Answer: —

   α-1 antitrypsin deficiency causes emphysema (A-III). Cry IAb protein confers resistance against corn borer (B-IV). Cry IAc protein confers resistance against cotton bollworm (C-I). ADA deficiency is treated with enzyme replacement therapy/gene therapy (D-II). So A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II is correct.

10. Q10NEET 2022Genome Sequencing Approaches

    If a geneticist uses the blind approach for sequencing the whole genome of an organism, followed by assignment of function to different segments, the methodology adopted by him is called as:

    • A. Sequence annotation
    • B. Gene mapping
    • C. Expressed sequence tags
    • D. Bioinformatics
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    Answer: —

    Sequence annotation is the process of identifying genes and assigning functions to different segments of a genome after it has been sequenced using a 'blind' (shotgun-type) sequencing approach, as was done in the Human Genome Project.