NEET Digestion and Absorption PYQs & Practice Questions

10 free NEET Biology questions on Digestion and Absorption, starting with previous year questions (2016–2023). Tap “Show answer” to check each one. No login needed.

Topics: Structure and Function of Villi · Hepatopancreatic Duct · Disorders of the Digestive System · Glands Associated with the Alimentary Canal · Human Dental Formula · Functions of the Liver · Trypsinogen Activation · Enzymes in Digestion · Ileo-Caecal Valve · Gastric Gland Cell Types and Secretions · Hormonal Regulation of Digestion · Intestinal Juice

1. Q1NEET 2023Ileo-Caecal Valve

   Once the undigested and unabsorbed substances enter the caecum, their backflow is prevented by:

   • A. Ileo-caecal valve
   • B. Gastro-oesophageal sphincter
   • C. Pyloric sphincter
   • D. Sphincter of Oddi
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   Answer: —

   The ileo-caecal valve, located between the ileum and caecum, prevents the backflow of undigested and unabsorbed substances from the caecum into the ileum.

2. Q2NEET 2023Gastric Gland Cell Types and Secretions

   Match List I (Cells) with List II (Secretion): A. Peptic cells, B. Goblet Cells, C. Oxyntic cells, D. Hepatic cells. List II: I. Mucus, II. Bile juice, III. Proenzyme pepsinogen, IV. HCl and intrinsic factor for absorption of vitamin B12. Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

   • A. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
   • B. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
   • C. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
   • D. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
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   Answer: A — A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV

   Peptic (chief) cells secrete the proenzyme pepsinogen (A-III). Goblet cells secrete mucus (B-I). Oxyntic (parietal) cells secrete HCl and intrinsic factor for vitamin B12 absorption (C-IV). Hepatic cells secrete bile juice (D-II). So the correct match is A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II.

3. Q3NEET 2022Digestive Tract Modifications in Animals

   In which of the following animals, digestive tract has additional chambers like crop and gizzard?

   • A. Corvus, Columba, Chameleon
   • B. Bufo, Balaenoptera, Bangarus
   • C. Catla, Columba, Crocodilus
   • D. Pavo, Psittacula, Corvus
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   Answer: C — Catla, Columba, Crocodilus

   Crop and gizzard are characteristic additional digestive chambers found in birds. Pavo (peacock), Psittacula (parakeet), and Corvus (crow) are all birds and possess these structures.

4. Q4NEET 2022Fat Absorption Pathway

   Given below are two statements: Statement I: Fatty acids and glycerols cannot be absorbed into the blood. Statement II: Specialized lymphatic capillaries called lacteals carry chylomicrons into lymphatic vessels and ultimately into the blood. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

   • A. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
   • B. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
   • C. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
   • D. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
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   Answer: —

   Both statements are correct: fatty acids and glycerol (reformed into triglycerides/chylomicrons) cannot be directly absorbed into blood capillaries; instead, they enter via lacteals (specialized lymphatic capillaries) as chylomicrons, which eventually reach the blood through the lymphatic system.

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5. Q5NEET 2022Salivary secretions

   Which of the following functions is not performed by secretions from salivary glands?

   • A. Control bacterial population in mouth
   • B. Digestion of complex carbohydrates
   • C. Lubrication of oral cavity
   • D. Digestion of disaccharides
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   Answer: C — Lubrication of oral cavity

   Saliva contains salivary amylase, which digests complex carbohydrates (starch) into simpler sugars, but it does not digest disaccharides. Saliva also lubricates the oral cavity and controls bacterial population via lysozyme.

6. Q6NEET 2021Intestinal Juice

   Succus entericus is referred to as:

   • A. Chyme
   • B. Pancreatic juice
   • C. Intestinal juice
   • D. Gastric juice
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   Answer: B — Pancreatic juice

   Succus entericus is the Latin term for intestinal juice, secreted by glands in the small intestine.

7. Q7NEET 2021Digestive Tract Anatomy

   Sphincter of oddi is present at:

   • A. Junction of jejunum and duodenum.
   • B. Ileo-caecal junction
   • C. Junction of hepato-pancreatic duct and duodenum
   • D. Gastro-oesophageal junction
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   Answer: B — Ileo-caecal junction

   The Sphincter of Oddi is located at the junction where the hepato-pancreatic duct opens into the duodenum, regulating flow of bile and pancreatic juice.

8. Q8NEET 2020Location of cuboidal epithelium with brush border

   Cuboidal epithelium with brush border of microvilli is found in:

   • A. lining of intestine
   • B. ducts of salivary glands
   • C. proximal convoluted tubule of nephron
   • D. eustachian tube
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   Answer: B — ducts of salivary glands

   The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) of the nephron is lined with cuboidal epithelium bearing a brush border of microvilli, which increases the surface area for reabsorption.

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9. Q9NEET 2020Anatomy of the human digestive system

   Identify the correct statement with reference to human digestive system.

   • A. Ileum opens into small intestine.
   • B. Serosa is the innermost layer of the alimentary canal.
   • C. Ileum is a highly coiled part.
   • D. Vermiform appendix arises from duodenum.
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   Answer: B — Serosa is the innermost layer of the alimentary canal.

   The ileum, the last part of the small intestine, is a highly coiled structure; the other statements are incorrect (ileum opens into the large intestine, serosa is the outermost layer, and the vermiform appendix arises from the caecum, not duodenum).

10. Q10NEET 2020Origin of goblet cells

    Goblet cells of alimentary canal are modified from:

    • A. Squamous epithelial cells
    • B. Columnar epithelial cells
    • C. Chondrocytes
    • D. Compound epithelial cells
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    Answer: A — Squamous epithelial cells

    Goblet cells, which secrete mucus in the alimentary canal, are modified (specialised) columnar epithelial cells.