NEET Evolution PYQs & Practice Questions

10 free NEET Biology questions on Evolution, starting with previous year questions (2016–2026). Tap “Show answer” to check each one. No login needed.

Topics: Origin of Life · Theory of Spontaneous Generation · Animal Husbandry and Plant Breeding as Selection · The Hardy-Weinberg Equation · Origin of Antibiotic Resistance · General Trend in the Evolution of Life · Why Viviparity is Considered More Evolved · Type of Selection in Industrial Melanism · Nature of Mutational and Recombinational Variation · Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium · Convergent Evolution · Human Evolution Sequence

Q1NEET 2026Homologous Organs - Forelimbs
Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R. Assertion A: Forelimbs of human and bats are homologous. Reason R: Forelimbs of humans and bats have similar anatomical structure. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
- A. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
- B. A is true but R is false
- C. A is false but R is true
- D. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
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Answer: C — A is false but R is true
The forelimbs of humans and bats are homologous organs -- they evolved from a common ancestral structure but are adapted to perform different functions (grasping vs. flying) -- Assertion A is correct. Homology is defined by similar anatomical (structural) origin despite different functions, so forelimbs having similar underlying anatomical structure (bone arrangement) is indeed the basis for them being called homologous -- Reason R is correct and correctly explains A.
Q2NEET 2026Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
A population of diploid organisms is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. If the frequency of allele A is 0.1, the frequency of AA is ____________.
- A. 0.02
- B. 0.10
- C. 0.99
- D. 0.01
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Answer: C — 0.99
Under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, genotype frequencies follow p² + 2pq + q² = 1, where p is the frequency of allele A. Frequency of AA genotype = p² = (0.1)² = 0.01.
Q3NEET 2026Convergent Evolution - Adaptive Radiation
Adaptive radiation in placental mammals and Australian Marsupials leading to similarity between distant species is an example of
- A. convergent evolution
- B. founder effect
- C. genetic drift
- D. divergent evolution
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Answer: —
When unrelated species (placental mammals and Australian marsupials) independently evolve similar body forms/adaptations due to similar environmental pressures (analogous structures, not from a common recent ancestor), it is called convergent evolution.
Q4NEET 2026Types of Natural Selection
Natural selection can lead to__________. (a) stabilisation (b) genetic drift (c) directional change (d) disruption Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
- A. (a), (c) and (d) only
- B. (a), (b), (c) and (d)
- C. (a) and (c) only
- D. (a) only
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Answer: —
Natural selection can produce three types of outcomes: stabilising selection (a), directional selection/change (c), and disruptive selection (d). Genetic drift (b) is a separate, random evolutionary mechanism independent of natural selection (it involves random changes in allele frequencies, especially in small populations), not a result of natural selection itself.

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Q5NEET 2026Evidence for Evolution
Which of the following is not evidence for evolution?
- A. Paleontological evidence from fossil records
- B. Embryological support for evolution as proposed by Ernst Heckel
- C. Divergent evolution of anatomical structures such as forelimbs
- D. Convergent evolution of traits like wings of birds and butterflies
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Answer: A — Paleontological evidence from fossil records
Ernst Haeckel's embryological recapitulation theory ('ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny', i.e., that embryonic development of an organism repeats its evolutionary history) has been scientifically discredited/discounted and is not considered valid evidence for evolution. Fossil records, divergent evolution of homologous structures (like forelimbs), and convergent evolution of analogous structures (like wings) are all valid, accepted lines of evidence for evolution.
Q6NEET 2026Origin of Modern Homo sapiens
Given below are two statements: Statement I: Modern Homo sapiens arose in Australia and moved across continents. Statement II: Homo sapiens arose around 75000 to 10000 years ago. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
- A. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
- B. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
- C. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
- D. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
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Answer: B — Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
Modern Homo sapiens arose in AFRICA (not Australia) and then spread/moved across other continents (the 'Out of Africa' hypothesis) -- Statement I is incorrect. As per the standard NCERT account, Homo sapiens arose approximately 75,000 to 10,000 years ago -- Statement II is correct as per this textbook figure.
Q7NEET 2026Example that is not convergent evolution
Which of the following is not an example of convergent evolution?
- A. Fore limbs of whales and bats
- B. Flippers of penguins and dolphins
- C. Eyes of octopuses and mammals
- D. Wings of butterflies and birds
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Answer: —
Forelimbs of whales and bats are homologous structures (common ancestry, divergent evolution), not an example of convergent evolution.
Q8NEET 2026Matching evolutionary chronology of life forms
Match List I with List II with respect to chronology of evolution of life forms: List I — A. About 65 mya, B. About 500 mya, C. About 350 mya, D. About 320 mya. List II — I. Jawless fish probably evolved, II. The dinosaurs suddenly disappeared from the earth, III. Seaweeds and few plants probably existed, IV. Invertebrates were formed and became active.
- A. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
- B. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
- C. A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I
- D. A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II
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Answer: B — A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
About 65 mya dinosaurs disappeared (II); about 500 mya jawless fish evolved (I); about 350 mya seaweeds/plants existed (III); about 320 mya invertebrates became active (IV). A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV.

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Q9NEET 2026Sequence of evolution of human/brain and language parallel species
Evolution of human appears parallel to the progressive development of brain and language skills. As such, the evolution of individual species in the sequence of their appearance is:
- A. Ramapithecus → Homo habilis → Homo erectus → Neanderthal → Homo sapiens
- B. Neanderthal → Ramapithecus → Homo habilis → Homo erectus → Homo sapiens
- C. Homo habilis → Homo erectus → Ramapithecus → Neanderthal → Homo sapiens
- D. Homo sapiens → Ramapithecus → Homo habilis → Neanderthal → Homo erectus
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Answer: —
Correct evolutionary sequence: Ramapithecus → Homo habilis → Homo erectus → Neanderthal → Homo sapiens.
Q10NEET 2025Analogous Organs - Convergent Evolution (Sweet Potato & Potato)
Sweet potato and potato represent a certain type of evolution. Select the correct combination of terms to explain the evolution
- A. Analogy, convergent
- B. Homology, divergent
- C. Homology, convergent
- D. Analogy, divergent
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Answer: —
Sweet potato (modified root) and potato (modified stem) perform a similar function (storage) but have different origins - this is analogy, resulting from convergent evolution. Class 11th NCERT Page No.115.

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