NEET Excretory Products and their Elimination PYQs & Practice Questions

10 free NEET Biology questions on Excretory Products and their Elimination, starting with previous year questions (2016–2026). Tap “Show answer” to check each one. No login needed.

Topics: Toxicity of Nitrogenous Wastes · Site of Blood Filtration in Nephron · Hormonal Regulation of Kidney Function · Excretion via the Lungs · Patterns of Nitrogenous Excretion · Matching Excretion Types with Animals · Uremia · Antidiuretic Hormone · Counter-Current Mechanism · Dialysis Fluid Composition · Nephron Structure and Function · Juxtamedullary Nephron Characteristics

Q1NEET 2026Reabsorption in Henle's Loop
Which of the following statements about the reabsorption process in Henle's loop are correct? (a) The descending limb of Henle's loop is permeable to water but almost impermeable to electrolytes. (b) Urine gets concentrated in Henle's loop. (c) Reabsorption of Na+ and water takes place in Henle's loop. (d) Active or passive transport of electrolytes occurs in the ascending limb of Henle's loop. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
- A. (b), (c) and (d) only
- B. (a), (b) and (c) only
- C. (a), (b) and (d) only
- D. (a) and (b) only
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Answer: B — (a), (b) and (c) only
The descending limb of Henle's loop is permeable to water but almost impermeable to electrolytes -- (a) correct. The countercurrent mechanism in Henle's loop helps concentrate the urine -- (b) correct. The ascending limb (not the loop as a combined statement of both Na+ and water together) transports electrolytes actively/passively while being impermeable to water -- (d) correct. Statement (c), which generally claims both Na+ and water are reabsorbed together in Henle's loop, does not accurately reflect that the descending limb handles only water and the ascending limb handles only electrolytes (Na+), so it is not considered correct as stated.
Q2NEET 2026JGA and nephron region
The JGA (Juxta Glomerular Apparatus) is a special sensitive region formed by cellular modifications in ___________ related to the same nephron.
- A. Proximal convoluted tubule and efferent renal arteriole
- B. Distal convoluted tubule and efferent renal arteriole
- C. Distal convoluted tubule and afferent renal arteriole
- D. Proximal convoluted tubule and afferent renal arteriole
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Answer: B — Distal convoluted tubule and efferent renal arteriole
JGA is formed by cellular modifications of the distal convoluted tubule and the afferent arteriole of the same nephron.
Q3NEET 2025Nephron - PCT and DCT Reabsorption/Secretion
Which of the following diagrams is correct with regard to the proximal (P) and distal (D) tubule of the Nephron?
- A. PCT: HCO3−,NaCl reabsorbed, H2O reabsorbed, H+ secreted; DCT: NaCl,H2O reabsorbed, HCO3− reabsorbed, K+,H+ secreted — but PCT shown without NH3
- B. PCT: HCO3−,NaCl,H2O reabsorbed, H+,NH3 secreted; DCT: NaCl,H2O reabsorbed, HCO3− reabsorbed, K+,H+ secreted
- C. PCT: HCO3−,NaCl,H2O reabsorbed, H+,NH3 secreted; DCT: H2O reabsorbed, HCO3− reabsorbed, NaCl,H+ secreted
- D. PCT: NaCl,HCO3− reabsorbed, H+,H2O secreted; DCT: NaCl,NH3 reabsorbed, K+,H2O secreted
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Answer: A — PCT: HCO3−,NaCl reabsorbed, H2O reabsorbed, H+ secreted; DCT: NaCl,H2O reabsorbed, HCO3− reabsorbed, K+,H+ secreted — but PCT shown without NH3
PCT reabsorbs HCO3−, NaCl, H2O and nutrients, while secreting H+ and NH3 to maintain pH balance. DCT reabsorbs NaCl, H2O conditionally and HCO3−, while secreting K+ and H+ to maintain sodium-potassium and pH balance. This matches option (2).
Q4NEET 2024Nephron Structure and Function
Given below are two statements: Statement I: In the nephron, the descending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water and permeable to electrolytes. Statement II: The proximal convoluted tubule is lined by simple columnar brush border epithelium and increases the surface area for reabsorption. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
- A. Statement I is true but Statement II is false
- B. Statement I is false but Statement II is true
- C. Both Statement I and Statement II are true
- D. Both Statement I and Statement II are false
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Answer: C — Both Statement I and Statement II are true
The descending limb of loop of Henle is actually permeable to water and impermeable to electrolytes (the reverse of what Statement I says, so it is false). While the PCT is lined by simple cuboidal brush border epithelium (not columnar), making Statement II also false. So both statements are false.

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Q5NEET 2024Juxtamedullary Nephron Characteristics
Choose the correct statement given below regarding juxta medullary nephron.
- A. Loop of Henle of juxta medullary nephron runs deep into medulla.
- B. Juxta medullary nephrons outnumber the cortical nephrons.
- C. Juxta medullary nephrons are located in the columns of Bertini.
- D. Renal corpuscle of juxta medullary nephron lies in the outer portion of the renal medulla
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Answer: —
Juxtamedullary nephrons have long loops of Henle that run deep into the medulla, important for producing concentrated urine. They are far fewer in number than cortical nephrons (about 15%), and their renal corpuscles lie in the cortex close to the medulla, not within the medulla or columns of Bertini.
Q6NEET 2023Types of Nephrons - Cortical and Juxtamedullary
Given below are statements: Assertion A: Nephrons are of two types: Cortical & Juxtamedullary, based on their relative position in cortex and medulla. Reason R: Juxtamedullary nephrons have short loop of Henle whereas cortical nephron have longer loop of Henle. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
- A. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
- B. A is true but R is false.
- C. A is false but R is true.
- D. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
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Answer: A — Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
Assertion A is true — nephrons are classified as cortical and juxtamedullary based on their position relative to the cortex and medulla. Reason R is false — it is actually the juxtamedullary nephrons that have LONG loops of Henle (extending deep into the medulla), while cortical nephrons have SHORT loops of Henle (the reverse of what is stated).
Q7NEET 2023Excretory Structures in Different Animals
Match List I with List II: A. Taenia, B. Paramoecium, C. Periplaneta, D. Pheretima. List II: I. Nephridia, II. Contractile vacuole, III. Flame cells, IV. Urecose gland. Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
- A. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
- B. A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
- C. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
- D. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
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Answer: A — A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
Taenia (tapeworm) excretes via flame cells (A-III). Paramoecium uses a contractile vacuole for osmoregulation/excretion (B-II). Periplaneta (cockroach) excretes via uricose glands (C-IV). Pheretima (earthworm) excretes via nephridia (D-I). So the correct match is A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I.
Q8NEET 2023Excretion in Cockroach
In cockroach, excretion is brought about by: A. Phallic gland, B. Urecose gland, C. Nephrocytes, D. Fat body, E. Collaterial glands. Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
- A. A, B and E only
- B. B, C and D only
- C. B and D only
- D. A and E only
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Answer: A — A, B and E only
In cockroaches, excretion is carried out by uricose glands (B), nephrocytes (C), and the fat body (D), which store and process nitrogenous waste (uric acid). Phallic gland and collaterial glands are reproductive accessory glands, not excretory structures.

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Q9NEET 2023Hormonal Regulation of Kidney Function
Which of the following statements are correct? A. An excessive loss of body fluid from the body switches off osmoreceptors. B. ADH facilitates water reabsorption to prevent diuresis. C. ANF causes vasodilation. D. ADH causes increase in blood pressure. E. ADH is responsible for decrease in GFR. Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
- A. B, C and D only
- B. A, B and E only
- C. C, D and E only
- D. A and B only
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Answer: —
Statement B is correct — ADH facilitates water reabsorption, preventing diuresis. Statement C is correct — ANF causes vasodilation, lowering blood pressure. Statement D is correct — ADH increases blood pressure (via vasoconstriction and water retention). Statement A is incorrect — excessive loss of body fluid activates (not switches off) osmoreceptors. Statement E is incorrect — ADH decreases urine output primarily by increasing water reabsorption, not specifically by decreasing GFR as the primary mechanism described here.
Q10NEET 2022Types of Nitrogenous Waste Excretion
Nitrogenous waste is excreted in the form of pellet or paste by:
- A. Ornithorhynchus
- B. Salamandra
- C. Hippocampus
- D. Pavo
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Answer: C — Hippocampus
Pavo (peacock), being a bird, is uricotelic, excreting nitrogenous waste as semi-solid uric acid paste/pellets to conserve water, unlike mammals (ureotelic) and most aquatic animals (ammonotelic).

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